Coke oven with internally heated heating walls



2 Sheets-Sheet l F. PUENING COKE OVEN WITH INTERNALLY HEATED HEATINGWALLS 1&5 lvl/1L Filed Oct. 3, 1935 mlm sur., l,

Nov. s, 193s.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 l Jn venian F. PUENING COKE OVEN WITH INTERNALLY HEATEDHEATING WALLS Filed oct. 3, 1955 Nov. s, 193s. l

)lf/A 2/ 11,1/ f l f l l/,l//z/Hm Patented Nov. 8, 1938v y COKE OVENWITH INTEBNALLY HEATED HEATING WALLS Frans Puening, Essen, GermanyApplication october s, 1935, serial No. 43,341

In Germany November 7, 1934 Claims.

The invention relates to coke ovens especially -for low temperaturecoking, in which movable internally heated hollow heating walls areemployed; e

5 Certain constructions of this type have already become known in whichthe movable heating Walls are enclosed by la housing. In these cases thehangers for the individual walls as well as the conduits for supplyingthe heating gases from the source of heat, which is arranged outside ofthe enclosure, penetrate the walls of the enclosure.

This arrangement shows several disadvantages, of which the essentialones are, that the unnecessary void spaces in the enclosure have not yetbecome reduced sumciently, that thepoints of connection between thehanging rods and the heating walls inside of the enclosure as well asthe spreading mechanism, require expensive constructions, that theaccessibility of .the heating walls is unsatisfactory, that the conduitsfor heating gas and the equipment comprising the source of heat are inneed of a decided reduction of outside dimensions, so that through areduction of cost of investment the whole plant becomes economicallymore successful. This is especially important if the low temperaturecoking plant has only av small capacity, as for instance in case 'ofsmall gas plants, in which several small independent units are required,each of .which may I is replaced and formed by surfaces, which belong tothe outer surfaces of the heating walls. One of the results, of thisarrangement among others is especially useful and consists in thepossibility, of supplying new heat to the combustion gases, circulatinginside of the individual movable heating walls either wholly or partlyby means of burners, arranged inside of the heating walls, and thispossibility helps to overcome a number of the other disadvantages,mentioned before. The drawings show two embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a sectional elevation of a heating wall and the means forits suspension and the fan for recirculating heating gas.

Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the same arrangement.

Fig. 3 shows a sectional elevation of 3 heating walls with the means forsuspending and moving the walls. Fig. 4 shows a sectional elevationthrough a different embodiment of the invention without a fan.

Several of `the iron hollow heating Walls l (Fig. 1) are suspendedalongside of each other y and form between them the coal chambers 2 5(Fig. 2). They are enclosed by an enclosure 3 of refractory material,which at its lower ,end comprises a removable bottom door 4 and at itsupper end an opening 5, which is closed by the upper portions of theheating walls. Each heatl0 ing wall I is suspended by means of hangingrods E (Fig. 1) from an iron structure 1, which supports the ovenstructure, the hanging rods connecting to the heating walls by means ofbrackets 8, which penetrate the layers of insulating 15 material 9, withwhich the upper surfaces of the heating walls are covered.

The interior of the heating walls is divided through partition walls II,I2 into a system of heating ilues which communicate with the main 20heating gas flues i8 and il the latter being in common for all heatingwalls. For this communication the iirst and last heating flues of eachwall are equipped with openings I3 while main heating gas lues I6 and I'l have corre- 25 spending openings M. The upper rims of all openings I3and It have the shape of annular cups. Gastight connections between theopenings I 3 and i4 are established by return elbows I5. Each of thesereturn elbows has its 2 open 30 ends turned downward. They enter theannular cups of the openings I3 and It and rest in them and are sealedin them by means of lead seals or the like. The annular cups are shownto be of ample size, so that the elbows are permitted a 35 certainamount of movement inside of the cups with the result that whenever theheating walls lare spread apart for the purpose of coke discharge, thereturn elbows follow the motion of the walls, executing essentially arotating and to 40 a minor degree also a sliding motion in the cups.

A fan 24 is provided for the re-circulation of combustion gases throughthe interior of each heating wall. This fan discharges the combustiongases into the common pressure room 23 45 from where they ilow throughopening I8, the main iiue i6 and the return-elbows i5 and the elbows I3down and '.up through each heating wall, as indicated by the arrows,finally leaving at the lefthand through other elbows I3, return 50elbows i5, main flue l1, return ue I9, opening 2| nally entering thesuction ue of fan 24. Two .damper plates 3 0 and 40 are provided, whichare supported by steel rods, of which only the centre lines areindicated. When these damper 55 plates are hoisted simultaneously bymeans of the steelrods, theopenings I8 and 2I will be closed, while theopenings I and 20, which were previously closed, will become free Withthe result' that the combustion gases delivered by fan 24 into pressureroom 23 will thereafter flow through the heating walls in the oppositedirection, iirst 4 position indicated in the drawings to the highposition in front of openings I8 and 2l and back again to theirlow-position. In this manner a reversal of the flow of the combustiongases through the heating walls and all connecting ues and return elbowsis obtained, thus guarding them against uneven heating.

Burner 25 protrudes into pressure room 23 and burners 26 protrude intothe connecting spaces above the partition walls I2. These burners 26receive their supply of combustible gases through pipes 21, which areconnected to the main supply lines for combustible gas 29 by means offlexible connections 28, which permit the motion of ythe heating walls.lThe upper enclosing wall surfaces of the individual heating walls I,are equipped with closable openings 3|, through whicha torch forignition may be introduced. A similar opening 32 has been provided forburner 25. The upper parts of the partition walls I2r are protectedagainst the direct action of the burner flames by means of insulatingshields 33. The

same protection can be obtained by installation of a fireproof shield34, which' has been indicated below the burner on thel left hand ofFig. 1. Fan 24, which together with the reversing valves 30 and 40 andthe burner 25 serves a battery of several heating walls I, as a resultof the indicated position of the valves 30 and v4Il'creates containedkin the heating flues a circulation of the heating gases as indicated bythe arrows in' Fig. 1. Y l

The heat vrequired byeach heating wall is p roduced by burners 26 andthe common burner 25. The surplus heating gases are conducted into theopen or to heat recovery apparatus, through a chimney 35, which connectsto the pressure room 23, in which the recirculated gases from fan 24 aredivided into two parts, one owing into stack 35, while the other flowspast burner 25, carrying with it in the direction toward opening I8 andmain iiue I6 the fresh heating gases issuing from the burner.

`In the upper part of each burner screw-shaped guiding plates 36 havebeen provided, which impart a strong rotation to the entering fuelmixture, so that the mixture passes down on the inside of the combustioncone in rapid rotation. Thus a rapid uniform and quiet combustion of thefuel mixture is obtained, so that the colder gases coming from the fanare unable to disturb the process of combustion. For the same purpose;the combustion cones 31 also protrude a certain distance into theheating wall, so that one part of the recirculated heating gases passesbeneath the burner mouth, while another part .passes above the same.

The raw coal gases, which are produced by the distillation collect inthe spaces between the heating walls above the coal charge, `the heightof which is indicated by line 38. For the lateral confinement -of thecoal in the coal chambers.

two small side chambers 39J (Fig. 2) have been provided, which are'lledwith coke breeze as is already known andy described for instance in myU. s. Patent 1,916,331.

`In each space 2 above the coal the raw coal gases are conducted to theleft (see arrow 4I) and pass through the intermediate spaces between theelbows l and through connecting pipes 42 from the enclosure I into thecollecting main 43. In those portions 44 of the roof lying above theelbows I5, special covers 45 have been provided, which are heatinsulated, and permit easy access to the elbows I5.

After the charging operation has been completed, the coal chambers 2arranged between the heating walls are closed during the cokingoperation by means of covers 46 (Figs. 2 and 3),

which rest upon inclined edges of the heating walls and may be sealedairtight by a luting material like clay. A small gap 41 has beenprovided between the side portions 44 of the roof and the uppermostportions of the heating walls, this gap permitting the motion of thewalls, their heat expansion and the exact adjustment of their position.'I'his gap is also made gastight during coking operation for instancethrough aA ller of clay 41. In order tofacilitate Ythe spreading apartof the walls I for the purpose of emptying the] coal chambers 2, thebrackets 8 (Figs. 1 and 3) areequipped with handles 50, to which theopeiator may connect a pulling hook 60, which in\case of light walls hemay operate by hand or which he may connect to a vmechanical pullingmechanism, already known and for instance described in my Patents1,996,649, 1,996,651 and 1,916,331.

Allt is evident, that the coke oven described is considerably`\simpliedin comparison tothe older structures by virtue of the fact, that theentire roof construction, which in the known structures is providedabove the heating wal1s,.has been omitted. This roof has been replacedby the upper portions d the heating walls and by the Y covers 46, whi hrest directly upon the edges of the heating walls. Furthermore an easyaccess to the coke chambers and to the inside of the heating walls hasbeen provided. The facility to observe the coke chambers and the insideof the heating walls is not interfered with by a'great distance from theobserver and by clouds of tar vapours neither is the accessibilityinterfered with by virtue of a roof construction regardless of how greatthe spreading motion is of the walls. This is especially important foremptying the chambers in cases where coke of special form shall beproduced, for which purpose the walls are equipped on their outside withvertical ribs,

so that the coke must be pushed out of the spaces y between the ribs.

Furthermore it is now possible to connect the hanging rods directly tothe heating walls more especially to those partsof them, which are notsurrounded by hot coal gases and which therefore have a. higher wearingstrength. The joints of the hanging rods are therefore always visibleand accessible for lubrication and for this reason and by keeping coalgases and dust away their abrasion is reduced to a minimum.

As can be seen from the drawings it is now possible for the spreadingvmechanism to connect directly to the heating walls, thus obtainingessential structural simplifications, while in the older arrangementsvthe spreading mechanism could be brought into contact withu the wallsVonly after the openingp! the bottom door 4 and 75 the moving of thespreading mechanism, into gas and air through pipes 51 and 58. In order'position by means of the coke car. Previously the hinge points of theheating walls, as for instance shown in my American Patent 1,996,651

vwere located below the roof of the enclosure 3 next to the upper end ofthe heating walls. When spreading these walls apart a wedgeshaped spacewas created between the walls, which was wide at the lower but verynarrow at the upper end of the coking chamber. 'I'his space at thetop ofthe coke chamber was insumcient and hampered the discharge of the cokeespecially in cases where the walls were equipped lwith ribs. In the newoven this fault has been overcome, because the hinge-points around whichthe spreading motion of the walls takes place, now lie not below thecover but far above the heating walls at the uppermost end of hangingonly, considerably increased at its lower but also rods l6 so that uponspreading the heating walls apart the width of each coking chamber isnot at its-upper end. Furthermore, if two hingepoints are employed ineach hanging rod 6, as shown in Fig. 1, one at its upperand one at itslower end, a wall when moved sideways will hang down vertically and theincrements in width of the coking chamber will be uniform at' the t'opand at the bottom ci' the coking walls, thus facilitating the cokepushing operation, especially in case the walls are equipped with ribsbetween which the coke tends to adhere.

By doing away with the gas spacesbetween the heating walls and the roofthe detrimental spaces, which cause a long exposure of the sensitivecoal gases to the hot surfaces of the heating walls and the connectinggas ducts, are considerably diminished. The amount of recircufiatedheating gases has been reduced to a fraction of the former quantity bylocating the source oi heat for the recirculated gases entirely orpartly in the interior of the heating walls. .In the present embodimentthis amount is only about one quarter of that quantity, which wouldinggas makes it possible not only to select a Ian of much smallercapacity, but also to reduce the cross-sectional areas of the heatingiiues and I gas passages, thus obtaining an important saving in cost ofequipment. Also the return elbows.

i5 can now b`e made considerably smaller and therefore be covered withan ample thickness of insulation. Also the thickness of the heatingwalls proper can now be reduced in comparison .to previously knownarrangements. mon burner 25 may be completely omitted if burners 26 arecorrespondingly increased in size or number.

A further simplification of the new arrangement is obtained, if therecirculation of theheating gasesds not caused by a fan but through thechimney action ofthe hot gases, produced in the interior of the heatingwalls proper. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 3. v 'Ihe movable,hollow heating wall i, which is suspended on hangers 6 is in this casedivided -into four heating ues 52, 53, 54 and 55, by

means of partition walls 43, I9 and 5|. In each have been placed, at amedium elevation and at their lower-ends, these burners receiving fuelThe comto protect the fuelI gas against the damaging influence of thehot heating gases, the fuel line 53 has been placed inside of the airline 51 in places where danger is greatest. The two air 4 conduits 51 ofthe two pairs'of burners are connected to a header 59, which in turn iscarried by two vertical pipes 6l, 62, which connect to a cross main 63.

This cross main is led through narrow openings of hood 3 and issupported on one end by a sheave 64 and on the other end connected .bymeans of a ie'iible tubing 65 to a distributf burners 56 over to aposition in fiues 53 and 55,

whereby they pass through openings `12 of the partition walls 48 and 5I.

The superfluous chimney gases escape through flue 13, one ofwhic`h isattached to each of the heating walls, the ue having U-shape 14 andpassing through a water seal 15. In order to provide for 1a suicientmovability of the heating walls opening 16 in the enclosure 3, throughwhich iiue 13 must pass, has been -made of ample size and has beensealed through a hood 11, which projects over one leg of the U-shaped ueand dips down into the same water seal 15.

The sealing of the upper opening 5 of enclosure 3 is accomplished in thesame manner as described in case of the rst embodiment, namely byfilling' gap 18 with' a luting material, such as clay. In the samemanner the coke chambers arranged between the heating walls are sealed dduring carbonization by means of covers, which are sealed by clay or thelike. Closable openings 3| permit access to the burners in their variouspositions for purpose of ignition. The coal gas is led away fromenclosure 3 through connections 42 into a collecting main 43.

After ignition of the burners 56 the heating gases in the heating flues52 and 54 rise upwardly as a result of the chimney action and descend inthe heating fiues 53 and 55 as a result of its 'diminished heat energy,caused by loss of heat to the heating walls,Vv so that a permanentrevolving or recirculation is created as indicated by arrows 13. Afterburners 56 have been changed over to heating nues ,53 and 55 thecirculation of the heating gases takes place in opposite direction. Theswitching over of the burners 56 by means of a motion of carriage 1Itakes place in certain short intervals, similar to the reversing motionof damper plates 30 and 4 v v.alemana means of suction and dischargeconduitsand a.

chimney for off-flow of surplus heating gases from said wallcommunicating preferably with Said discharge conduits.

2. In a coke oven of'the class described a plurality of movable,internally heated heating walls, coke chambers formed between them, anenclosure surrounding said walls and adapted to collect the products ofcarbonization, heating ues in the walls, means for heating the heatinggases contained in said nues, said means -consisting of burners arrangedinside of the heating walls, a fan, adapted for circulation of the heat`ing gases through the flues of the walls, said fan communicating witheach of said walls by means of suction and discharge conduits, anadditional heating device outside of the enclosure common to all heatingwalls, said devicepreferably communicating with and discharging itscombustion gases into said discharge conduits and a chimney adapted forreleasing the surplus combustion gases, said chimney preferablycommunicating with said discharge conduits at a point between saidheating device and said fan.

3. In a coke oven of the class described a plurality of movable,internally heated heating walls, coke chambers formed between them, anenclosure surrounding said walls and adapted to collect the products ofcarbonization, heating filles in the walls, means for heating theheating gases contained in said ues, said means consisting of burnersarranged inside of the heating walls, said burners entering into thewalls through portions of the walls""protruding.through an openingprovided in said enclosure and venting means adapted to releasethe'surplus combustion gasesfrom said walls and communicating with saidwalls. f

4. In a coke oven, a plurality of hollow movable internally heatedheating walls, `coking chambers formed between said walls, an enclosuresurrounding said walls and said chambers adapted to collect the productsof carbonization from said chambers, means for heating the combustiongases contained in vsaid walls by burners arranged inside of said walls,supply lines for supplying combustible gas and air to said burners saidsupply lines entering through portions of said walls protruding throughsaid enclosure, conduits for carrying previously used heating gases tosaid walls and conduits for removing the surplus combustion gases,andthe previously used heating gases from said walls, all said conduitsbeing'hermetically sealed against contact with said products ofcarbonization. l

`5. In a coke oven, an enclosing chamber, surrounding a series ofmovable hollow internally gas-heated fiued heating walls, and a seriesof colking chambers, sandwiched between said walls, means `forre-heating the heating gases contained in said nues, said meansconsisting of gas burners arranged in said flues, supply lines for fuelgas and air to said burners, inlet conduits for carrying previously usedcombustion gases to said heating walls, outlet conduits for removingsaid previously used combustion gases and the surplus combustion gasesfrom said burners from said walls, each of said coking chamberscommunicating with said enclosing chamber and the ues of each of saidheating walls and the inlet and outlet conduits for combustion gases-being closed to said enclosing chamber and a distlllate` gas offtakeconduit communicating with said enclosing chamber for oli-flow ofdistillate therefrom, separately from the hot combustion gas. y y

FRANZ PUENING.

